Who should read the book
· All Telugus MUST read so that they will know how their dynasties have been changed over centuries.
· One who wants to know the differences between Andhra and Telangana
· The atrocities of Nizam and Razakars.
· The development comparison between these two regions.
· The real intentions of Telangana separatists.
Dr Rao really brought out the tempo, made one to read within 3 hours and would have put lot of efforts and investigative mind.
Telugu is infact called as Tenugu – Telangana – Telivigiri – Trilinga Desam
The brief rulers of Telugus are as follows
1. Satavahanas – 221 BCs – supposed to be the first king is Simukha – capital is Pythan (where?). Towards this end Andhra has replaced Sanskrit as official language.
2. Ikshvakas – Nagarjuna at Vijayapuri capital – 250 AC to 650 AC
3. Chalukya – next 500 years (625 to 1076) - Andhra and Kannada separated
4. Kakathiya – 300 years – 1000 AC to 1323 AC – Orugallu (Warangal)
5. Kondaveeti Reddy Kings – 1324 to 1424 – Guntur to Nellore. They accepted Krishna Devaraya as main King during this time. Srinatha was in their kingdom.
6. Vijayanagara Kingdom (1336 to 1650)
7. Golkonda Navabs (1512 to 1687)
8. Aurangzeb – 1687 to 1707 Representative was Nizam Mulk Asaf jhani
9. Nizam – This is one of the major coverage in the book – how Nizams have mismanaged the kingdom, ruled inconsistently and with no conviction and no mercy to the public.
a. Nizam’s family originated from Turkey , became as employees in Shajahan. Became Subedar of Aurangzeb
b. English and French made their own rivalry among the family members. Initially French have upper hand.
c. There was an agreement to pay Rs 24 lacs per annum to British.
d. In 1800 Nizam (Nizam Alikhan) could not pay and handed over Rayalaseema to them. Andhra was originally under French and then taken over by British. Thus only Telangana has become an independent one.
e. After that Sukendarja, Nazirza,
f. In 1857 Asafzal Uddela
g. 1869 – Mir Mahaboob Alikhan. Next his son Usman Alikhan
h. Nizam has given freedom to around 14 samsthanams getting Taxes from them.
i. Most wicked rule between 1920 n 1938 – Non-Mulkis got many jobs even though Govt favored for Mulkis.
j. Some of his atrocities
i. He has provided money to Jinnah
ii. Funded money for Babri mosque.
iii. Provided funds to Aligarh Muslim university.
k. He has ensured no schools, colleges in his own state – thus no awareness or educated people in Telangana.
10. Razakars
a. Most horrible rule of the Telangana started with the Razakars. They formed Majlis Ithehadal Muslim.
b. The origination started with few powerful employees who travelled to Haz and determined to convert Hyderabad to a Muslim state for that matter wanted to hoist Muslim Flag in Redfort.
c. The Nizam also was worried of them.
d. The most notorious of them is Razvi – under whose leadership – the atrocities on Hindus reached to peak. They wear Khaki uniform, with roomie hat, doing Namaz in the early morning, moving in groups across the city terrorizing the Hindus, the gang became 2 lac soon Their activities are
i. Loot Hindus property
ii. Rape woman.
iii. Make women feel ashamed of themselves
iv. Make rich Hindus to do service to them.
v. Covert low caste Hindus to Muslim and involve them in the riots
e. Desmukhs – were the heads of paraganas (a set of 60 villages).
f. When Salarjang was appointed as PM by British to collect the revenues – the Deshmukh lost the importance. The hierarchy is as follows
i. Lords (Prabhus)
ii. Bhooswamys.
iii. Patel (representative of police) – any caste – Patwari (Revenue) – must be from Niyogi Brahmin)
iv. Peda Kapu, Asamis (Kapu community)
v. Caste discrimination utmost.
vi. Low cost has to say at the beginning and at the end of each sentence “Nee Banchan Dora” (Nee Banisanu dora ) - I am your slave. Nee Kalmoktha (I will touch your feet).
vii. No support for Telugu – only Urdu has the encouragement. No political awareness – late than Andhra.
viii. Nizam Andhra sabha formed in 1920s to awaken the public for the inferiority being meted to Telugu – a symbol to say that original Nizam rule is against Indian mentality and is pro Pakistani.
1. This has been later dominated by communists and became Praja Natyamandali
2. In 1946 it became very powerful as Nizam said he will not join India and want to become Independent Muslim nation.
3. Ramananda Thirtha has done agitation against this.
11. Nizam’s accession into India
a. When India became Independence – Nizam opposed to join the government – but was forced to agree on 27th Aug. But again back-tracked because of Razakars.
b. On 3rd Oct – he tried to align into Pakistan.
c. Finally Indian Govt forced to agree to the conditions of Nizam
i. Defence and foreign with Central govt. rest with Nizam
ii. Razvi’s follower Mir Layak Ali became the PM and he is a follower of Jinnah.
iii. Pingali Venkatarami reddy is D PM
iv. Slowly Nizam violated conditions and favored Pakistan, London… Denying India its rights.
v. Involved in illegal arm deals and supplies.
vi. K M Munshi was appointed by the central government to enforce the agreement – but Nizam did not allow him to reach Hyderabad.
vii. Razakars started violence again – attacked Hindus, cut-off hands of his own religion scholars for opposing them.
viii. The Nizam PM met Pakistan secretly and sent a representation to UN.
ix. Operation Polo – 13th Sep 48 to 18th – J N Choudhury’s lead Indian army entered into Hyderabad city.
x. Nizam’s army accepted the defeat.
xi. Layak Ali, Razvi escaped to Pakistan as they were arrested.
xii. Nizam became as Raj Pramukh
xiii. Army representatives ruled Hyderabad till 1952 elections.
12. Andhra (Coastal and Rayalaseema only excluding Telangana) was formed in 1st Oct at Kurnool being separated from Madras state. Prakasam became the first CM.
13. In 1956 1st Nov only the united AP formed with Telangana.
14. Elders Agreement (Peddamanushula Oppandam) – These are from Congress only and no one else? – then how can it be applicable for the entire AP?
a. Andhra – B Gopala Reddy (CM), N Sanjeevareddy, G Lachanna (Ministers), A Satyanarayana Raju (Andhra Congress president)
b. Telangana – B Ramakrishna Rao (CM), K V Ranga Reddy, Channa Reddy (Ministers), J V Narasinga Rao (Hyderabad Congress President)
c. Following are agreement points
i. The administrative expenditures should be borne by the two regions in the ratio.
ii. The surplus revenue of Telangana should be spent in telangana for next 5 years and need to be reviewed after 5 years also.
iii. Telangana educational seats for them only or 1/3rd of total AP seats for them – they can chose whichever is beneficial.
iv. The existing employees should be allocated in the ratio and if needed Andhra employees need to be removed.
v. Further employment also should be done in the population ratio
vi. Urdu should continue as special language in administration and also Telugu should not be a mandatory language for appointment – but they should pass Telugu exam in 2 years.
vii. To get job in Telangana – one should be living at least for 12 years
viii. Agriculture lands selling in Telangana should be under the control of Regional commission.
ix. Separate Regional Development Telanagana commission should be formed.
x. In the above commission total 20 members should be there
xi. The above commission should be legalized and have the rights
xii. Cabinet posts should be in 60: 40 (Andhra : telangana)
xiii. CM and Dy CM should be reciprocated. 2 portfolios from the Home, Finance, Revenue, Planning, Commerce, Industries – must be for Telangana
xiv. Separate Congress committee for Telanagna till 1962
d. All these demands were agreed by Andhra leaders without any discussion in a hurry to form the united State
i. They did not consult other parties.
ii. Other leaders of their own
iii. Did not think of further consequences.
iv. Being secondary citizens in their own state.
e. The name of the state was planned as “Andhra-Telangana” - but as the name looks Hybrid and may provocative. They preferred Andhra Pradesh
i. 1st Nov 1956 – CM is Sanjeev Reddy, C M Trivedi – Governor.
f. Border Disputes
i. Andhra – Orissa
1. Parlakhemundi, Berhampur, Koraput – Andhra asked only Telugu Taluks – but the Language commission took this as the demand for the whole districts and said Telugus are only 15% and denied the regions to Andhra.
2. Reversely Orissa demanded for Srikakulam.
ii. Andhra-Karnataka
1. Kolar district has 51% Telugu – but still they retained in Mysore
2. Bellary again has majority Telugu and geo-wise just in Andhra – but still retained in Mysore
iii. Andhra-TN
1. Hosuru, Dharmapuri has lot of Telugu population – but geo-wise they are not adjacent to AP and hence could not be merged
g. Thus Andhra lost many genuine areas from Chennai to small towns like Hosur.
15. Till 1969 there were no issues and Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, Damodaram Sanjeeviah and Kasu Brahma Nanda reddy only ruled the state – all ar from Andhra
16. Separate Telangana Movement - 1969
a. Courts have ruled out special protection of Telanganas saying 15 yrs must to get job in Telangana.
b. Mulki agitation seeds started again (Localities should get the job)
c. During the AP formation – many officers came from Kurnool.
i. They have got double promotions as they were disturbed from Madras to Kurnool to Hyderabad.
ii. Whereas the Telangana people remained as usual and were forced to juniors.
iii. Also they have shown laid back attitude and did not progress further.
d. Infact the ratio of jobs were protected to Telangana – but still they made mess of it.
e. Even Andhra rulers did not try to console or control.
f. 20-Jan-69 there was firing against students – that triggered unrest. Schools/colleges closed.
g. Employees started agitating against Andhra employees.
h. Prajasamithi (Headed by Channa Reddy and Mallikarjuna) spearheaded the agitation.
i. PM supported KBR and J Chokka Rao has been the DY CM.
j. Infact Telangana agitation was nullified , closed, prajasamithi was split.
k. KBR resigned in Sep 71
17. P V Narasimha Rao – 4th CM on 25-Sep-71
a. First Telangana CM
b. Land reforms, making Panchayath raj independent.
c. Brought Mulki rules and said final victory of Telangana, which agitated Andhra.
d. President rule in between 13th Jan 73 to 10th Dec 73 for 320 days (reason Andhra movement)
18. JAI ANDHRA
a. Andhra people slowly started realizing the loss they are incurring in the AP.
b. In the name of Mulki they did not get any Jobs in their own state capital of Hyderabad (the single most such a state in India).
c. They were being treated as 2nd grade citizens in their own state
d. PM said Mulki will be applicable up to 1977 in Hyderabad and up to 1980 in other Telangana agitating Andhra further.
e. They started agitation – 31-Dec-72 300+ died. Violence erupted. The only powerful leader Kakani Venkata Rathnam died on 25th Dec 72 and thus no leader was there for the agitation.
f. Then slowly courts gave controversial definitions
i. Mulki is not originally born ones. Those who came and settled !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ii. Mulki is not applicable for promotions, rotations, transfers.
19. Thus both Telangana and Andhra found that it is of no use of the agitations and wanted to compromise with the following agreement - 1972
a. Developing the backward regions, capital with the resources available.
b. Locals will be given importance for admission into educational institutions.
c. Locals will be given job postings exemptions are
i. NGOs , secretariat, other Government offices, Hyderabad Police.
ii. Local bodies – corresponding posts.
iii. Tahasildar, Jr Engineers, Civil engineers, surgeons
d. Administrative tribunal to sort out the issues of 3rd point and state govt has to obey its decision.
e. President of India empowered for the final decisions if any.
f. Hence Mulki rules will not be applicable any more
Thus this solved the problem of Andhras ill-treatment in their own state by the government rulers.
20. Comparison of Development of Telangana w.r.t Andhra and Rayalaseema since the formation of AP
a. Andhra has got additional 51,006 lac Hectares of irrigation, Telangana 50,639 lacs and Rayalaseema 19,013 lacs – thus T got almost equal to that of Andhra – while Rayalaseema was backward
b. Industries in T 7,19,258 and rest 6,37,447 – again T is far far above
c. Cement 80% from T (AP is 33.33%)
d. Pharmaceuticals – 80% T – (50% from AP)
e. IT – 90% from T
f. Studios (all in T)
g. Hotels (all in T)
h. International Airport in T only
i. Coastal
i. Only Vizag developed to a bit
ii. Other leading towns like Vijayawada, Guntur, Nellore which were very prominent before Independence became moderate towns with cloth business, medium hotels, small scale Industries and no where matching to Hyderabad.
j. Education
i. Schools - T – 42%
ii. Students – T -48%
k. Literacy
i. 1951-52 - T – 9.3%, A & R – 13.4%
ii. 2005-06 – 57% and 61.3%
l. Higher education Institutions
i. T – 877
ii. A & R – 848
m. Hospitals increased – 684% in A n R, T 569%, T excluding Hyderabad 711%
n. Electrification
i. 1956 - 68.2% villages in A n R, 8.3% in T
ii. 2004 – both 100%
o. After 1956 all 47 PSUs in Hyderabad and around of Telangana only
p. As per Mohanthy a research done on development.
i. By 1982-83 – A n R have been under-developed than Telangana.
ii. By 1994 it has become much wider.
iii. Highly Developed districts 3 in A, 2 in R, 5 in T
iv. Moderately – 2 in A 2 in T
v. Backward - 4 in A and 2 each in the 2 regions.
vi. The expenditure for Telangana under “Jala Yagnam” is double that of Andhra n Rayalaseema – though both of them have almost equal irrigation land.
21. AP should be 1 or 2 or 3
a. Out of the total 2200 years of known Telugu existence – Telugus were united for 500 years (250-300 during Sathavahana, 100 during Kakatheeya, Nizam (100 years). Rest 1700 – they are separated.
b. 150 years prior to 1956 – both were separated.
c. Like Telugu people were ill-treated by Tamilinas during 50s – Telanagana is being ill treated by settlers.
d. Except KBR and NTR all CMs are either from Rayalaseema or Telangana – but still Andhra has been developed culturally – if not financially.
e. The whole history if revisited again from the above pages – there were many instances where separate agitations have happened within Telangana and Rayalaseema
i. Mulki vs non-mulki
ii. Kannadigas, Marathis Vs Telugu
iii. Razakars vs Telangana
iv. Rayalaseema Vs Andhra (agreement level if not agitation level)
22. KCR –
a. Though he started with a selfish reason – but he was successful in maintaining the agitation live for 7 years which never happened in Telangana agitation history
b. But he was very awkward in his speeches , arrogance, culture – which made the agitation and himself as jokers.
c. He may not be serious in his language – but doing intentionally as fashion and also he knows there is no point asking Andhrites to go away from telangana
i. Hyderabad was developed only because of them.
ii. Even there are many Telanganites in US who are helping TRS – so no meaning for local vs non-local.
iii. In TN still 2 to 3 ministers are from Telugu community (the no: 2 Arcot Veeraswamy is Telugu and even Karunanidhi was originated from Andhra). For that matter the DMK establisher Periyar is a Telugu man. MDMK president Vigo is Telugu and whole Coimbatore Industries are in the hands of Telugus.
iv. In Karnataka – now in BJP govt – the full control is from Telugus (Gali brothers + Katta)
v. But knowing pretty well KCR created a feeling among Telanganites that by throwing Andhrites – they can get their land, jobs and property.
d. Cunningness of KCR made
i. Students lose their valuable lives and education.
ii. Congress foolishly supported Telangana by forming forum by YSR
iii. Supported TRS
iv. Made ministers.
v. Later TDP supported them
vi. Thus every time TRS was dying some one or the other helped them.
vii. At last when it reached a stage it cannot contest Hyderabad elections KCR resorted to fasting.
e. Hyderabad population
i. 22 -23 lacs Andhra, same Muslims, 20 lacs Telanganas, 10 to 12 lacs other states.
23. What is the loss now for Telangana?
a. IT industries stopped expanding
b. No new Industries as per CII
c. America warned its citizens to go to Hyderabad
d. IPL moved away from Hyderabad.
e. In an era where countries are uniting, geos are merging, mncs are combining – no meaning for separate state just based on political reasons to get more employment.
f. Public should be aware of the real issues.
g. Now is the agitation under the control of KCR/TRS/JAC/Students/Naxalites?
So better be united and develop together . If you are big you can demand more.
This book is available in the site http://daggubati.in/.
